Politics
The World Cup has returned to a radically hotter America
Dangerously hot temperatures are blanketing the central and eastern United States as the soccer tournament enters its knockout rounds, putting tens of millions of people at risk.
Roughly a quarter of all matches since the start of the games are expected to be played in hazardous heat, according to an analysis by World Weather Attribution, which models how climate change influences extreme weather events. It also warns that the wet bulb global temperature — a measure of temperature, humidity and factors affecting heat stress in the human body — could rise high enough to justify postponing some games. Sticky, hot weather is not unusual in North America during summer. But extreme heat has intensified since the U.S. last hosted the World Cup in 1994.
“Around half of human-caused climate change has occurred since the World Cup was last hosted in North America in 1994. As a result, the climate that the tournament is being played in today has fundamentally shifted in just 32 years,” Joyce Kimutai, an extreme weather and climate change researcher at Imperial College London and lead author of the WWA study, said in an email.
Players aren’t the only ones that are affected. Fans often spend hours in stifling heat while attending outdoor celebrations or watch festivals. Stadium workers are also at risk. Organizers have attempted to reduce the threat by installing cooling stations and scheduling some games at off-peak heat hours. But the current heat wave could hit the games hard.
The National Weather Service estimates that more than 175 million people will endure temperatures this week that put them at major or extreme risk of heat-related health impacts. Some of the places facing the greatest dangers include World Cup host cities like Philadelphia, New York and Atlanta, where street parties filled with sweaty crowds and free-flowing alcohol put fans at greater risk of heat illness.
“A whole bunch of warm bodies standing close to each other does make it more difficult to cool down,” said Kristie Ebi, a scientist at the University of Washington who specializes in climate change and public health. “And alcohol of course is not a fluid one drinks for hydration. It tends to dehydrate people.”
Some host cities, like Kansas City, are bracing for this week’s heat after enjoying cooler-than-average temperatures during the tournament. Others, like Miami, have been sweltering since the games began.
“Pretty much every game in Miami has been played under oppressively hot and humid conditions,” said Tom DiLiberto, media director at Climate Central, which reports on the impacts of climate change and has been tracking its effects on the World Cup games.
Three games at Miami’s open-air stadium have been held at 6 p.m., when the sun is near its hottest point of the day. Climate Central estimates that there is a “high likelihood” that heat could impact player performance at all seven matches in Miami’s stadium and that climate change is increasing the odds of such heat by up to 20 percentage points.
Officials in Miami-Dade County say they’ve been tailoring their heat protocols since the World Cup began, adding new interventions as they experience the matches. The county’s emergency management department has added additional hydration stations near the stadium and elsewhere in the city, as well as cooling and misting stations, after observing a lot of people in need of relief. Officials have also tailored the languages on signs directing international visitors to cooling stations.
“We’ve learned from each of these matches,” said Jesse Spearo, assistant director of Miami-Dade’s department of emergency management. “Each one has changed a little bit.”
Other host cities have turned to Miami for advice. “Weather has always been kind of a big talking point with this group because Miami is always hot,” Spearo said. “We have been coordinating with them … saying this is what we’ve been doing for people, this is what we’ve learned, this is what you should be emphasizing to fans.”
Public health agencies that track heat-related hospitalizations in host cities say they haven’t seen statistical spikes directly linked to the World Cup. But fan celebrations have offered cautionary tales: 110 heat-related medical incidents were reported at a Houston fan festival on the World Cup’s opening day, FOX Weather reported. And Miami-Dade’s fire rescue teams have reported an uptick in heat-related illnesses among people requiring medical transport, Spearo said.
The extreme temperatures this week could put host cities under strain.
State and county emergency management agencies in most host cities affected by the heat wave did not respond to requests for comment on their heat action plans. A spokesperson for the Dallas emergency management office referred questions to the city’s FIFA organizing committee, which referred questions to FIFA.
A FIFA spokesperson said climate-related risks “are assessed as part of overall tournament planning and managed in close coordination with the host cities, stadium authorities and national agencies.” It’s working with medical experts and national meteorological and emergency management authorities on contingency plans, the spokesperson said.
Ebi, the public health expert, said the biggest challenges around the collision of extreme heat and international sporting events often revolve around communication strategies.
“The protections that need to be in place for periods of high temperatures are the same for all human beings,” she said. “What’s different is how do you reach people who may not be watching the news? How do you reach people who may not have English as a first language?
As public health experts worry about spectators in this week’s heat, some scientists also worry that FIFA isn’t doing enough to protect its players.
It’s “absolutely ridiculous” for FIFA to be hosting games at 5 p.m. and 6 p.m. in a place like Miami, said Douglas Casa, a kinesiology professor at the University of Connecticut and head of the Korey Stringer Institute, which researches ways to prevent athlete deaths from things like extreme heat.
“We can anticipate the risks, and there’s a lot of strategies you can have in place to absolutely minimize the risks,” he said, pointing to holding games later in the day, extending hydration breaks when temperatures are high and having aggressive cooling strategies during halftime.
Casa signed onto a May letter to FIFA with more than 20 climate and public health experts that called FIFA’s current guidelines on heat stress mitigation “inadequate” and “impossible to justify,” saying they could put players at risk of heat injury.
FIFA’s heat guidelines for players only mandate cooling breaks if the wet bulb global temperature, or WBGT, exceeds 32 degrees Celsius (89.6 degrees F). It leaves the decision to cancel or suspend a match to the organizers.
That doesn’t line up with guidance from the global players’ union known as FIFPRO, which recommends breaks once the WBGT exceeds 26 degrees and says matches should be delayed if the WBGT temperatures top 28 degrees.
“FIFPRO believes that FIFA’s guidelines do not do enough to protect the health and performance of players,” the organization says on its website.
“FIFA continues to monitor conditions in real time, integrating Wet Bulb Globe Temperature and Heat Index surveillance, and stands ready to apply established contingency protocols should extreme weather events occur,” the FIFA spokesperson said. “Outdoor matches during the hottest parts of the day have been strategically limited, kick-off times adjusted in certain markets, and matches expected in warmer windows prioritised for covered stadiums where possible.”
When Qatar hosted the last men’s World Cup in 2022, FIFA moved the matches to November to avoid the hottest time of year. But summers elsewhere are quickly becoming a concern as climate change accelerates.
Temperatures are forecast to be close to 100 degrees on Saturday when Paraguay takes on France in Philadelphia. Even Toronto, which isn’t used to such extreme heat, is expected to see temperatures in the 90s for its Thursday game.
It also doesn’t end with this year’s matches, said DiLiberto from Climate Central. The next men’s World Cup in 2030 will be in Morocco, Spain and Portugal — areas that saw a major heatwave this month and have much less access to air conditioning.
“If you take these sorts of huge events and put them in incredibly hot conditions in places without air conditioning, you can expect to see a whole host of other health issues,” DiLiberto said.
Politics
Portugal plays bigger than its size — in both politics and soccer
Despite Cristiano Ronaldo’s travails, Portugal heads into tonight’s World Cup knockout match against Croatia as a strong contender to win this year’s tournament. Victory in Toronto tonight would keep it on track for the latter stages — and reinforce a national brand that has consolidated the Atlantic country as a powerhouse far beyond the soccer field.
Portugal is home to just over 10 million people and has a modest economic footprint, but the small European nation has a remarkable track record when it comes to placing its candidates in top posts around the world.
Within the EU, Portugal stands out as having had more of its candidates occupy top institutional posts than any of the bloc’s other member countries. Since 1986, Portuguese citizens have served as president of the European Commission, the Court of Auditors, the Eurogroup, the Committee of the Regions — and former Prime Minister António Costa currently presides over the European Council. There has also been a Portuguese EU ombudsman, a vice president of the European Central Bank and nine vice presidents of the European Parliament.
Beyond the bloc, former Prime Minister António Guterres currently serves as United Nations secretary-general. And just last month the country scored a fresh diplomatic victory by beating out the larger, wealthier and more globally influential Germany to secure one of the vacant, nonpermanent seats on the U.N. Security Council.
According to former Portuguese Secretary of State for Internationalization Bernardo Ivo Cruz, Lisbon’s decision to go after top jobs on the global stage is an existential matter.
“After democracy was restored following the 1974 Carnation Revolution, we realized that our survival as a country depended on multilateralism: we’re too small to guarantee our strategic interests, and those of our citizens, on our own,” he said. “To do that, we needed to guarantee the world remained a place governed by the rule of law.”
The former diplomat said Portugal had worked hard to establish itself as a fair player that is capable of speaking with everyone on equal terms. “Being a small country is actually an advantage, because no one is afraid of us, and that makes us nonthreatening interlocutors,” he noted.
Thanks to its nearly 900-year history, Portugal has long-standing relationships with nearly every other nation. The bonds are especially strong with Portuguese-speaking former colonies like Brazil, Macau and Cape Verde, parts of the world with which Lisbon has worked to forge ties based on equal terms. And those good vibes among allies have been instrumental in having Portuguese candidates confirmed to posts where neutrality and a respect for the rules of diplomacy are paramount.
“The candidates that secure these top posts aren’t supposed to unfairly benefit their home countries,” Cruz noted. “But they benefit Portugal in a broad sense because they defend that multilateralism that benefits all countries, including our own.”
The matter, he added, was taken so seriously in Portugal that the country’s politicians had a habit of backing their candidates for international posts no matter what their politics might be.
“Our stance is that we never mix up internal drama with things happening beyond our borders,” he said. “You may hate someone in Lisbon, but the moment they’re up for an important post it becomes a matter of defending the interests of the state, and personal issues have no relevance there.”
Beyond political institutions like the U.N. or the European Council, Cruz said Portugal had a vested interest in the kind of soft diplomacy that plays out in sporting events like the World Cup.
“Evidently, if we end up winning this match, it only reinforces our country’s international prestige, and is a cause for celebration,” But, he added, “whatever happens, I think this edition of the World Cup is turning out to be a success for everyone.”
“Rather than hooliganism, what we’ve seen are the Scots marching through U.S. cities with their bagpipes and kilts, the Norwegians delighting American spectators with their rowing rituals,” he noted. “At a moment of such immense global tension, we all win by having this competition be defined by friendly celebration.”
Indeed, in much the same way that the small European nation is a force to be reckoned with when it comes to football, it also punches far above its weight in terms of broad international influence.
Politics
The Croatian team’s favorite singer is a fascist salute away from the mainstream
BELGRADE, Serbia — When Croatian supporters flooded Toronto and Philadelphia this summer, draping city halls in the red-and-white checkerboards found on the Croatian coat of arms and belting out one power ballad after another, the loudest songs, as always, belonged to Marko Perković.
“He’s become an inseparable phenomenon anytime Croatia plays or participates in any kind of competition, especially sporting events,” said Hrvoje Klasić, the leading Croatian historian focused on the legacy of World War II.
“People both at home and abroad view him as synonymous with love for one’s country,” he continued.
Better known as Thompson, after the submachine gun he carried in the Balkan wars of the 1990s, he is the country’s most popular singer — and its most enduring embarrassment.
Croatian fans have made his song, “Lijepa Li Si,” the unofficial anthem of the team and a fixture at every match, a song whose chorus salutes the wartime Croat statelet in Bosnia whose leadership was convicted of war crimes.
Thompson’s wider catalog is more explicit still. One track opens with “Za dom spremni,” the salute that functioned as Croatia’s answer to “Sieg Heil” during the World War II Ustashe regime.
In the past, his concerts have been banned or canceled in the Netherlands, Switzerland, Slovenia, Austria and Germany.
None of this is fringe within Croatia, however. Last summer Thompson drew more than 500,000 people to a single Zagreb concert, the largest in the country’s history, where fans chanted the same Ustashe slogan while the authorities looked away.
In 2018, when Croatia nearly won the World Cup, the second-placed team was welcomed back with Thompson aboard the victory bus and star midfielder Luka Modrić personally asking for him to perform.
Croatia has spent three decades declining to reckon with the Ustashe past, treating the fascist puppet state’s symbols as heritage rather than crime.
Across post-communist Europe, the end of the Cold War brought a wave of historical revisionism, as nations that felt their identity had been suppressed under communism recast neo-Nazi and far-right figures as patriots. Hungary, Ukraine and the Baltic states, as well as Croatia, have all made a version of this bargain, folding once-condemned nationalists into their modern national myths.
“These nations believe they were robbed of their national identities in the past century or are dissatisfied with their country’s present achievements, so they reach back into the past for themes from a more distinguished past,” Klasić concluded.
Politics
Inside the DHS’s World Cup nerve center
Every day, FBI intelligence officials, weather forecasters, diplomats, security coordinators and people from more than a dozen federal agencies gather on a conference line for what has become one of the most unusual meetings in Washington.
It’s dubbed the “WISLE call” — an acronym that stands for Warning/Weather, Intent, Safety/Security, Logistics/Communications and Event Operations. And it happens every morning around 10 a.m. Eastern during the FIFA World Cup, which is about to enter its fourth week.
From a secure operations floor inside FEMA’s Washington headquarters, officials spend about 30 minutes running through the day’s World Cup matches, touching on everything from extreme heat advisories and fan festivals to cartel activity in Mexico, drone threats, visa issues and stadium security.
On Tuesday, when Brazil played Japan in Houston and Germany faced Paraguay in Boston, the biggest concern on the call wasn’t terrorism. It was the weather.
“The main story over the next couple of days is going to be building heat across the central and eastern United States,” a National Weather Service official told the group. Philadelphia, Boston and New York were all under heat watches, while Houston officials reported temperatures nearing 95 degrees with a heat index above 100.
The daily briefing offers a rare window into the machinery and threat assessments that underpin the largest sporting event ever hosted in North America.
The command center resembles a national emergency operations center more than a sports headquarters. Ten Homeland Security agencies including TSA, Customs and Border Protection, and FEMA work side-by-side on a watch floor staffed around the clock. The State Operations Coordination Center for Event Response — yes another “SOCCER” acronym — is also involved.
About 50 people occupy the physical operations center during 12-hour shifts, from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. and again overnight, monitoring every match, fan festival and emerging threat across the United States. The center works closely with the International Police Cooperation Center in Leesburg, Virginia, where law enforcement officials from participating countries work alongside U.S. officials. Monday’s “WISLE” call began with intelligence — and, again, concerns about extreme weather.
An FBI official updated participants on the coming heat wave, noting the bureau was coordinating with federal, state and local partners ahead of the July 4th holiday while also tracking security implications as national teams exited the tournament and closed their training camps.
From there, officials moved city by city. In Boston, clear weather for the sellout crowd of nearly 66,000 for Germany-Paraguay. In Houston, preparations were underway for heat-related illnesses for the Brazil-Japan match.
The State Department’s representative dialed in from the Joint Coordination Center at the U.S. Embassy in Mexico City with an update spanning three countries. Mexican police had dismantled a criminal group targeting tourists around World Cup venues, Vancouver’s fan festival had reached capacity during Canada’s match, and officials were monitoring large fan gatherings expected later that evening in both Mexico City and Monterrey.
Despite the long checklist of potential problems, nearly every operational report ended the same way: “All teams are green.”
Andrew Giuliani, executive director of the White House World Cup Task Force, used his remarks to thank FEMA and Homeland Security personnel while highlighting accomplishments across the federal government that extended well beyond soccer.
He praised U.S. Marshals for recovering 35 missing and endangered children during Operation Yellow Card in Boston, noted DEA fentanyl seizures in Kansas City and public health operations led by Health and Human Services and the CDC. He also announced that the mother of the Capo Verde goalkeeper had successfully received a visa to travel to the United States. “The behind-the-scenes work that goes into it,” Giuliani said, “is one of the reasons we’re able to talk now halfway through the World Cup about the incredible success.”
Homeland Security Secretary Markwayne Mullin pointed to what he called the largest counter-drone operation ever assembled for a sporting event in the United States, saying officials had confiscated more than 500 drones while also using the tournament’s security posture to pursue human trafficking networks, fentanyl traffickers and counterfeit operations.
Because stadium security has remained stable, he said, law enforcement has been able to focus resources elsewhere.
“Because you guys are doing such a good job making sure that the games are going off without any major issues,” Mullin said, “we’re able to focus on other things.”
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