The Dictatorship
The U.S. is dangling a familiar, and failed, ghost of history over Iran
As the United States and Israel enter the second month of Operation Epic Furythe conversation in Washington has shifted from the tactical to the transformational. President Donald Trump’s April 1 prime-time address — declaring that core military objectives are “nearing completion” and that the “hour of freedom is at hand” — has accelerated a dangerous countdown. While the degradation of missile sites and the blockade at the Strait of Hormuz represent a tactical endgame, they also expose a strategic void: the question of who, exactly, will hold the keys to Tehran once the jets fall silent.
Beneath the applause of the convention circuit lies a profound geopolitical gamble that the West has lost before.
In this vacuum, a familiar ghost of history has reappeared to offer an answer. Reza Pahlavi, the exiled Crown Prince of Iran, son of the former shah, has emerged as a seductive head of “government-in-waiting.” His vision, recently pitched to enthusiastic crowds in Texas during the Conservative Political Action Conferencepromises a post-revolutionary Iran that recognizes Israel, signs the Cyrus Accords, and opens a trillion-dollar market to American investment.
But beneath the applause of the convention circuit lies a profound geopolitical gamble that the West has lost before. While Trump has recently signaled skepticism about Pahlavi leading IranPahlavi remains a rockstar figure for the interventionist wing of the Republican Party that views him as the key to a post-revolutionary framework. The enthusiasm for Pahlavi among a powerful segment of Washington suggests a return to the “liberator in a suit” archetype. While Vice President JD Vance — the current favorite for 2028 — has remained a vocal skeptic of regime-change “short cuts,” his top-tier status at CPAC provided the backdrop for a resurgent interventionist wing. This faction, which saw Secretary of State Marco Rubio’s support skyrocket in recent straw polls, views Pahlavi’s Cyrus Accords vision as the ideal exit strategy for the Iran war.
It is a familiar phenomenon: the belief that a charismatic exile can be successfully transplanted back into a country they haven’t seen in nearly half a century, despite the warnings of more restrained voices within the administration.
There are three primary reasons why leaning on the Pahlavi factor represents a strategic risk for the future of the Middle East.
First, there is the problem of domestic legitimacy. While the Pahlavi name carries a nostalgic brand for the diaspora, it is a brand with limited shelf life inside Iran. Even Trump has recently observed that while Pahlavi is a “nice person,” he lacks a proven grassroots base within the country. The current generation of Iranians — those who led the January uprisings and have lived under the deprivation of both the clerics and Western sanctions — are not necessarily looking for a restoration of the monarchy. Plus, an imported leader often arrives with the original sin of being seen as a foreign proxy.

Second, the reliance on an exile government creates a vacuum of information regarding actual power dynamics. When Washington centers its policy on a figurehead in Grapevine, Texas or London, it tends to ignore the complex web of military officials and local leaders who actually hold the keys to a functional state. Central to Pahlavi’s strategy is his “digital defection platform,” a secure portal where thousands of Iranian military and security officials have reportedly registered their readiness to flip. By offering a “pre-authorized” path to amnesty, Pahlavi aims to paralyze the regime’s security apparatus from within, turning potential executioners into silent allies of the revolution. Pahlavi’s digital defection platform model sounds suspiciously like the optimistic intelligence provided by the late Iraqi National Congress Chairman Ahmad Chalabi before the fall of Baghdad. In reality, the collapse of a regime triggers a scramble for power among internal factions that an exile has little ability to control.
Third, the Pahlavi narrative risks oversimplifying the regional realignment. At the heart of Pahlavi’s appeal is the vision of a “secular restoration,” wherein he serves as a unifying transition figure who can dismantle the theocracy and immediately re-integrate Iran into the global fold through a pro-Western, pro-Israel stance. This risks oversimplifying the regional realignment. The promise of the Cyrus Accords between Iran and Israel ignores the nationalist complexities that will survive the Islamic Republic. Following the recent transition of power to Supreme Leader Mojtaba Khamenei, the regime has shown a tendency to tighten its grip rather than fracture. Any transition seen as a Western imposition will likely trigger a nationalist backlash.
At the heart of Pahlavi’s appeal is the vision of a “secular restoration,” wherein he serves as a unifying transition figure who can dismantle the theocracy and immediately re-integrate Iran into the global fold through a pro-Western, pro-Israel stance.
Furthermore, the administration’s current pivot introduces a new, darker dimension to the “Exile’s Gamble.” Trump’s vow to bomb Iran “back to the Stone Ages” over the next three weeks — paired with his recent dismissal of the risks posed by Iran’s highly enriched uranium — suggests a policy driven by improvisation rather than institutional building. If the White House intends to withdraw within 21 days, the assumption that a liberator in a suit can step into the resulting wreckage and maintain order is not just optimistic; it is reckless. Without a deep, indigenous infrastructure, any imported leadership will be presiding over a radioactive ruin rather than a rising democracy.
The tragedy of the current moment is that the desire for a “clean” ending to the war threatens to lead policymakers back to the same intellectual shortcuts of the early 21st century. The appeal of a pro-Western leader who can speak to a CPAC audience is understandable, but the “heart and soul” of a nation cannot be managed from a distance.
As 2026 marks the 250th birthday of the United States, the country would do well to remember its own history: that liberty is rarely a gift delivered from abroad, but a hard-won achievement of those who stayed behind to fight for it.
The path to a stable Iran does not go through the restoration of a throne; it goes through the difficult work of supporting internal forces that can lead a legitimate transition. Anything else is just a phantom king chasing a dangerous myth.
Imran Khalid is a geostrategic analyst and columnist on international affairs. His commentaries have appeared in U.S., European, Asia-Pacific and African publications.
The Dictatorship
The embarrassing lesson of Pam Bondi’s confirmation hearing
ByMary McCord
Maybe now that Pam Bondi is goneshe will reflect on where and why she went astray.
Since Bondi became U.S. attorney general last February, I’ve often thought of three witnesses who testified at her confirmation hearing in support of her nomination. All were in law enforcement. All had worked with Bondi when she was attorney general of Florida. One had even run for that office as a Democrat.
Each said that they believed she would adhere to the rule of law as U.S. attorney general.

I, too, testified during the second day of Bondi’s confirmation hearings, in my capacity as a veteran of the Department of Justice for more than 20 years, including as the acting assistant attorney general for national security. I was there not to speak about Bondi — whom I have never met — but to remind lawmakers of the importance of maintaining the independence of the Department. I testified that this requires the attorney general to take seriously the oath they swear to the Constitution, not the president; to recuse from any matter where their impartiality could reasonably be questioned; and to reaffirm policies in place since Watergate to limit contacts between the White House and Justice Department lawyers on specific investigations and cases.
Among the other witnesses’ comments that I have reflected on during Bondi’s tenure, which ended Thursdayare these: One testified that Bondi understood a prosecutor’s obligation to “follow the evidence and the law, without fear or favor.” Another said that Bondi “appreciates the rules which make our judicial system the best in the world” and told Justice Department lawyers that they, like him, “will love working with Pam Bondi.” One extolled her “compassionate side,” as a “staunch supporter of crime victims.” Bondi herself committed to “one tier of justice for all.”
I have since wondered many times whether Bondi’s supporters at that hearing have had regrets as they’ve watched her actions over the past 14 months stray far from their predictions.
Chatting with Bondi’s supporters before and after the hearing, I never doubted their earnestness. They had worked with her to go after the “pill mills” that had produced the opioid crisis that killed many Floridians. The Democratic witness had even been tapped by Bondi to be her “drug czar,” which sparked significant criticism from Florida Republicans. Having seen Bondi promote Donald Trump’s fraudulent election claims on Fox TV and elsewhere, I was dubious about her ability to uphold the ideals of the Department of Justice, but I could not deny that she had some prosecutorial chops and had, at least with respect to her choice of drug czar, shown a commendable lack of partisanship.
I have since wondered many times whether Bondi’s supporters at that hearing have had regrets as they’ve watched her actions over the past 14 months stray far from their predictions.
In her first address to Justice Department attorneys in the Great Hall of the Robert F. Kennedy building, Bondi did not commit to evenhanded justice. Instead, she announced that she, Todd Blanche (Trump’s former personal attorney who was deputy attorney general under Bondi and is now acting attorney general), and Emil Bove, then the principal assistant deputy attorney general, were “so proud to work at the directive of Donald Trump.”
And work at the president’s directive she did. On her first day as U.S. attorney general, Bondi issued a series of memos to DOJ attorneys, including one that established a “Weaponization Working Group” to examine, among other frequent Trump complaints, the investigations by Special Counsel Jack Smith and the “pursuit of improper investigative tactics and unethical prosecutions” relating to Jan. 6. Another memo announced a policy of “zealous advocacy” and threatened discipline, including termination, for any department attorney who refused to zealously advocate for the president’s policies because of “personal political views or judgments.”

Rather than following the evidence and the law, as one witness predicted, Bondi tried to appease Trump by investigating and prosecuting his political enemiesincluding former FBI director James Comey and New York Attorney General Letitia James. She did so after the president complained that “Nothing is being done” about Comey, James and Sen. Adam SchiffD-Calif., all of whom Trump called “guilty as hell.” Under Bondi’s leadership, the Justice Department took steps such as dropping its prosecution of Eric Adams, then mayor of New York, in what appeared to be a deal to get Adams to cooperate with the president’s immigration enforcement agenda. Acting U.S. Attorney Danielle Sassoon, who headed the prosecution, cited the zealous-advocacy memo in her resignation letterwhich said the dismissal was “driven by improper considerations.”
Far from adhering to the rule of law and the impartial administration of justice, Bondi cast those principles aside as attorney general in her dogged pursuit of the president’s campaign of retribution.
And in contrast to the prediction of another witness that lawyers would love working with Bondi, scores of DOJ attorneys lost their jobs. After getting rid of Jack Smith’s team, Bondi told Fox News host Sean Hannity that department leadership would keep going to “root out” the people “who despise Donald Trump.” Many career attorneys with irreplaceable expertise were forced out; others resigned because they did not feel that they could in good faith defend the president’s actions. So many left U.S. attorney’s offices that Bondi’s former chief of staff posted on social media: “If you are a lawyer, are interested in being an AUSA, and support President Trump and anti-crime agenda, DM me.” In March, the Justice Department authorized U.S. attorney’s offices to recruit straight out of law schoolremoving a minimum requirement of one year of experience, due to the “exigent hiring need for attorneys across the Department.”
As to Bondi’s record as, in the words of one of the witnesses, a “staunch supporter of crime victims,” the evidence is spotty at best. Although she has publicly honored the mothers of victims of violence by those she called “illegal aliens” and victims of fentanyl overdoses, she refused even to look at victims of Jeffrey Epstein who attended a February House Judiciary Committee hearing when lawmakers asked the Epstein victims present to raise their hands if they had not had any opportunity to meet with the Justice Department. Bondi has been harshly criticized by Democrats and Republicans over her handling of the Epstein files, including the Justice Department’s failure to redact personal identifying information and even nude photographs of victims. Her response to criticism from lawmakers included calling Rep. Jamie Raskin, D-Md., a “washed-up lawyer” and Rep. Thomas Massie, R-Ky., a “failed politician” with “Trump derangement syndrome.”
Far from adhering to the rule of law and the impartial administration of justice, Bondi cast those principles aside as attorney general in her dogged pursuit of the president’s campaign of retribution. She did an enormous disservice to the Department of Justice, greatly harming its lawyers, crime victims and public trust in the institution. The Senate must ensure that the next attorney general is held to the standards that Bondi’s supporters predicted of her — but that she failed to meet.
Mary McCord
Mary B. McCord is an MS Now legal and national security contributor, and co-host of the MS Now podcast “Main Justice.”She is executive director of Georgetown Law’s Institute for Constitutional Advocacy and Protection. She previously served as the acting assistant attorney general for national security at the Department of Justice and was an assistant U.S. attorney in the District of Columbia for nearly 20 years.
The Dictatorship
U.S. military rescues missing airman in Iran in daring night mission
After announcing the successful covert U.S. military rescue of the missing American airman in Iran over the weekend, President Donald Trump on Sunday threatened the country with severe bombardment come Tuesday if the Strait of Hormuz remains closed.
Trump said in a social media post that the complex rescue mission included “dozens of aircraft” and that the officer “sustained injuries, but he will be just fine. Moments later, he vowed in a separate expletive-laden Truth Social post“Tuesday will be Power Plant Day, and Bridge Day, all wrapped up in one, in Iran. There will be nothing like it!!! Open the F—-n’ Strait, you crazy bastards, or you’ll be living in Hell – JUST WATCH! Praise be to Allah.”
Trump later set a deadline of Tuesday at 8 p.m. ET for Iran to reach a deal with the U.S. to end the war. Trump told Fox News in an interview Sunday afternoon, “If they don’t make a deal and fast, I’m considering blowing everything up and taking over the oil.”
The announcement of the rescued airman, whose F-15E fighter jet was shot down in Iran on Friday, capped a tense two days as the U.S. and Iran raced against each other to find the officer alive. A senior administration official with knowledge of the operation who spoke on condition of anonymity told MS NOW that the CIA aided the effort in multiple ways.

Before the missing weapon systems officer had been located, the CIA launched a deception campaign and spread false accounts inside Iran that U.S. forces had found him and were moving him on the ground and out of the country.
At the same time, the CIA used its capabilities to confirm the location of the missing American. The senior administration official described the effort as the ultimate search for a “needle in a haystack.”
The officer, who was injured, followed his training, hiked away from where he landed and ascended a ridge, according to The New York Times. The American airman then hid in a mountain crevice, the senior administration official told MS NOW.
The CIA shared his exact location with the Defense Department and the White House. Trump ordered a military rescue mission, which the CIA supported by sending real-time information. Axios first reported the CIA’s role in the rescue.
Israeli Prime Minister Prime Benjamin Netanyahu congratulated his American counterpart and war partner in a statement he posted on social media.
“This rescue operation reinforces the sacred principle: no one is left behind,” Netanyahu, who launched attacks on Iran jointly with Trump on Feb. 28, said. “This is a shared value demonstrated time and time again in the history of both our countries.”
The successful rescue of the American airman put the spotlight in Iran back opening the Strait of Hormuz. The Omani foreign ministry said it held a meeting on Sunday with Iranian officials about “possible options for ensuring the smooth flow of transit” through the vital waterway to provide oil to rest of the world.
One crew member of the F-15E was rescued after the aircraft went down in Iran on Fridaytwo U.S. officials confirmed earlier to MS NOW. The second crew member was declared “DUSTWUN” shortly after, a military designation that stands for “Duty Status-Whereabouts Unknown.”
While searching for the missing F-15E crew member, at least one Blackhawk helicopter was fired on, though a U.S. official said it returned safely to its base.
A second American jet, an A-10 Warthog, is also believed to have been shot down by Iranian forces, the same U.S. official previously told MS NOW. The lone pilot of that A-10, which was believed to have crashed near the Strait of Hormuz, was safely rescued. The Wall Street Journal and The Washington Post were first to report that the A-10 had been shot down.
Earlier on Saturday, the White House pushed back on criticism that Trump had not publicly addressed the search-and-rescue efforts. “There has never been a President who has worked harder for the American people than President Trump. On this Easter weekend, he has been working nonstop in the White House and Oval Office. God Bless him,” White House Communications Director Steven Cheung said in a statement posted on X.
Emily Hung contributed to this report.
Julia Jester covers politics for MS NOW and is based in Washington, D.C.

David Rohde
David Rohde is the senior national security reporter for MS NOW. Previously he was the senior executive editor for national security and law for NBC News.
The Dictatorship
Trump’s expletive-laced Easter message to Iran: Open the strait or ‘you’ll be living in Hell’
Fresh off the daring nighttime rescue of the U.S. airman shot down in Iran on Friday, President Donald Trump warned Iran Sunday morning, “Open the F—-n’ Strait, you crazy bastards, or you’ll be living in Hell – JUST WATCH!”
The president then set a new deadline of 8 p.m. ET on Tuesday for Iran to reach a deal with the U.S., making yet another extension. In a spate of news interviews Sunday afternoon, Trump told Blue Light News he would not rule out sending ground troops. And he told Fox News Sunday he’s “considering blowing everything up and taking over the oil” if Iran doesn’t accept a deal, which he said he expects by Monday.
But in an interview with ABC News Sunday afternoon, Trump sounded less certain about a deal, saying, “I have no idea with these people. There could be a deal, and there could also not be a deal. I don’t know. I have no idea with these people, they’re getting the shit beat out of them, and that’s, that’s all I can tell you.” Of the possibility of ground troops, he said, “I don’t think it’s necessary but I don’t rule anything out.”
Just before 8 a.m. ET on Sunday, the president praised both the rescued officer and the special military team that got him safely out of enemy territory.
“We have rescued the seriously wounded, and really brave, F-15 Crew Member/Officer, from deep inside the mountains of Iran,” Trump said in a Truth Social post. “The Iranian Military was looking hard, in big numbers, and getting close. He is a highly respected Colonel. This type of raid is seldom attempted because of the danger to ‘man and equipment.’ It just doesn’t happen!”
The president announced he would hold a news conference early Monday afternoon with Pentagon officials. “God Bless our great MILITARY WARRIORS!” he added.
Then he vowed that Iran can expect heavy bombardment — very soon. “Tuesday will be Power Plant Day, and Bridge Day, all wrapped up in one, in Iran. There will be nothing like it!!! Open the F—-n’ Strait, you crazy bastards, or you’ll be living in Hell – JUST WATCH!” Trump said, adding, “Praise be to Allah.”
The president’s unorthodox Easter morning message was startling, even to those in Washington who have grown accustomed to his unconventional leadership.
Former Republican Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene, who had a public falling out with Trump before she left Congress, said the president “has gone insane.”
“On Easter morning, this is what President Trump posted,” the Georgia Republican, who is an opponent of the Iran war, said on X. “Everyone in his administration that claims to be a Christian needs to fall on their knees and beg forgiveness from God and stop worshipping the President and intervene in Trump’s madness.”
“It’s disgusting,” Rep. Becca Balint, D-Vt., said during an appearance on MS NOW’s “The Weekend.”
Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer reacted to the president’s F-bomb-laced holiday missive, saying on X“Happy Easter, America. As you head off to church and celebrate with friends and family, the President of the United States is ranting like an unhinged madman on social media.”
“It’s shocking that this is our president,” Balint added.
This is a developing story. Check back for updates.
Akayla Gardner is a White House correspondent for MS NOW.
Emily Hung is an associate White House producer for MS NOW.
Erum Salam is a breaking news reporter for MS NOW, with a focus on how global events and foreign policy shape U.S. politics. She previously was a breaking news reporter for The Guardian.
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