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43 days and counting: Why the House is working way less than the Senate

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Tuesday was supposed to be a voting day in the House, with members flying back to Washington to begin their workweek by passing a slate of bipartisan bills.

Instead the floor was largely deserted after Republican leaders pushed back the chamber’s first votes — further adding to a gaping divide between the House and Senate in how often lawmakers on each side of the Capitol are carrying out their most basic legislative duties.

According to a Blue Light News analysis of the Congressional Record, the House has gaveled in 241 days during the 119th Congress, compared to the Senate’s 284 session days. The analysis includes brief pro forma sessions, which both chambers conduct during extended recesses at roughly the same pace.

That 43-day gap is looming extra large as Hill Republicans face a massive time crunch ahead of the midterms, with hopes of passing several major pieces of legislation ranging from a GOP-only immigration enforcement funding package to bipartisan transportation and housing bills and key extension of government surveillance powers.

But even though the House has only 38 scheduled legislative days left before Election Day, GOP leaders have continued to cancel votes at times, prompting many lawmakers to stay home as Speaker Mike Johnson struggles to wrangle his tiny majority.

The ever-tightening calendar has further imperiled the GOP’s hopes of passing yet another longshot party-line bill focused on war funding and affordability issues before voters head to the polls — one that Johnson has said Republicans could advance by the end of July despite a lack of consensus on what exactly should go in it.

Johnson often argues the “sausage-making” of the legislative process isn’t always pretty, and he has managed to get out of many — though not all — of his tough spots.

“Despite a razor-thin House majority, and the resulting frequency of various attendance problems, and despite a string of record-setting government shutdowns forced by the Democrats, Speaker Johnson, his leadership team, and House Republicans have delivered countless positive legislative results for the American people,” said Taylor Haulsee, a spokesperson for the speaker, citing “lower taxes, secure borders, reduced crime, a return to American energy dominance, massive reductions in burdensome regulations, fraud, waste and abuse, and more.”

Furthermore, senior House Republicans and aides argue it’s often better to cancel votes or keep members home than risk bringing them back prematurely to a failed vote that would generate frustrations and risk a backlash against Johnson and his fellow leaders.

The biggest reason for the discrepancy between the House and Senate calendars was last fall’s record-setting government shutdown. Johnson kept his chamber out of session for nearly two months after House Republicans passed a funding package that languished in the Senate due to a Democratic filibuster.

Eventually, Democrats flinched and the government reopened, but the costs were significant: Committee work ground to a halt and the floor agenda piled up just as the GOP majority grew even more unmanageable.

Since then, Johnson and fellow leaders have pared back session days as they have faced dicey legislative fights and uncertain attendance.

Just ahead of the recent Memorial Day recess, Republicans’ hopes of quickly passing the immigration enforcement bill evaporated after President Donald Trump’s administration announced the creation of a controversial “Anti-Weaponization Fund” that could be used to hand large settlements to presidential allies.

Members headed home expecting to return for Tuesday’s votes, but Johnson & Co. instead opted to punt the week’s first roll call votes to Wednesday. That effectively gave the White House more time to wriggle out of the payout-fund mess and also possibly strike an Iran deal that would forestall an embarrassing loss on a bipartisan resolution to end the war in the Middle East.

Tuesday was also primary Election Day in several key states, meaning member attendance would be sketchier than usual — another consideration weighing on the GOP whip team.

“Even if one or two members are missing, it can derail a whole week of floor plans,” said one senior GOP aide who was granted anonymity to speak frankly about the challenges facing the House majority.

There’s also the long-term absence of Rep. Tom Kean Jr. (R-N.J.), who has been missing from Capitol Hill since March 5 with what his office says is a health matter.

Some committee business continued Tuesday — including an Appropriations subcommittee hearing where acting Attorney General Todd Blanche renounced the fund — but most rank-and-file members were not present on Capitol Hill.

House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries took advantage of the vacuum at a news conference, insisting that a string of legislative setbacks and floor defeats for Republicans has contributed to the House’s poor attendance.

“What exactly do Republicans have to show for being in complete control of Congress over the last 18 or so months? The answer would be nothing, nada, zero,” Jeffries told reporters.

“They made life worse for the American people, and so that’s one of the reasons why I’m convinced that Republicans continue to cancel votes and do everything they can every week to get out of town before sundown,” he added.

The two chambers were in roughly the same number of days to this point in the last Congress, — with the House meeting 257 days between January 2023 and June 2024 versus the Senate’s 260 days. There was a significant gap in the same window for the 117th Congress, when differing approaches to the Covid pandemic contributed to the House’s lighter, 237-day schedule versus the Senate’s 271 days in session.

The Senate has a natural advantage in managing its calendar. It has the unique role of approving presidential nominees, which means it can usually easily fill its agenda with confirmation votes even when legislative business stalls. Senate Majority Leader John Thune also has a slightly more comfortable majority, with 53 Republican senators, as well as Vice President JD Vance available to break ties.

In the House, on the other hand, Republicans have been working with a one-to-three-seat majority since the Congress began in January 2025 — a tiny margin in the much larger chamber.

On some recent voting days, Johnson did not appear to have a functioning majority. In the hours before lawmakers left for the Memorial Day recess, GOP leaders suffered an embarrassing defeat when a small group of Republicans joined with Democrats to vote down a bill that would have advanced plans for the Smithsonian National Women’s History Museum while barring exhibits on transgender women and giving Trump more control over its location.

Johnson then faced another GOP rebellion, this time on a vote forced by Democrats to effectively end hostilities with Iran. The measure was set to be approved thanks to Republican defections, and it would have delivered Trump a major rebuke. The speaker huddled with Majority Leader Steve Scalise and top GOP aides on the House floor and ultimately decided to postpone the vote until after the recess.As Johnson struggled to get through the vote series that last session day in May, the sentiment among Republicans on the House floor was clear.

“We just gotta get out of here,” one senior House Republican said.

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Congress

Adam Hamawy, medical doctor Army vet with controversial past, wins nomination to succeed Watson Coleman in New Jersey

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Dr. Adam Hamawy, a progressive plastic surgeon whose life-saving work in the Army has been contrasted with his long ago association with a terrorist Muslim cleric, prevailed in a crowded Democratic primary field Tuesday to succeed retiring Rep. Bonnie Watson Coleman, the Associated Press projects.

Hamawy was one of a dozen active candidates in the 12th Congressional District, where the liberal Watson Coleman is retiring after 12 years in office (a 13th candidate was on the ballot but dropped out of the race).

Hamawy is now the prohibitive front-runner to win the seat in November.

Hamawy, who lives in South Brunswick and runs a plastic surgery practice in Princeton, entered the race as a political unknown. His campaign quickly gained traction as progressives simmered over Israel and its war with Hamas in Gaza. Hamawy’s work volunteering at a Gaza hospital during the war earned him support. He also earned the endorsements of high-profile progressives such as Sen. Bernie Sanders and Rep. Ro Khanna.

“Courageous candidates like Dr. Adam Hamawy are the fighters voters want to take on corporate power and fight for working people. Dr. Hamawy won because voters saw him as a fearless fighter for the working class against a political and economic system rigged for billionaires and other powerful interests,” Stephanie Taylor of the Progressive Change Campaign Committee, which endorsed Hamawy, said in a statement.

Hamawy, 56, led the Democratic field in fundraising even before a new super PAC called American Priorities, founded as a pro-Palestinian counterweight to the pro-Israel AIPAC, spent $2 million on his behalf.

Illinois Sen. Tammy Duckworth has credited Hamawy, an Army National Guard veteran, with saving her life when her Blackhawk helicopter was shot down in Iraq in 2004. Hamawy also worked as a first responder at the World Trade Center following the 9/11 attacks.

Hamawy’s campaign planks are unabashedly progressive, including “Medicare For All” and abolishing Immigration and Customs Enforcement (which his campaign website says is “full of neo-Nazis at all ranks”) and dismantling the Department of Homeland Security.

But the heroic picture portrayed by Hamawy’s campaign and allies met a stark contrast when a publication tied to an anti-Islamic group resurfaced news reports of his 1995 testimony in defense of Omar Abdel-Rahman, the “blind sheikh” who was convicted on terrorism and seditious conspiracy charges, and whose followers conducted the 1993 World Trade Center bombing.

Hamawy, then a medical student in his 20s, had four years earlier accompanied Abdel-Rahman on a trip from New Jersey to Michigan, where Abdel-Rahman spoke at a conference and talked of “conquering the land of the infidels.” Even after the World Trade Center bombing, Hamawy acknowledged translating a document for Abdel-Rahman for a press conference.

Hamawy said on the campaign trail that he disavowed Abdel-Rahman’s calls for violence and called the critiques against him as “guilt-by-association attacks on Muslim and Arab candidates.”

While the Abdel-Rahman controversy got significant media attention and criticism from the right, most of Hamawy’s rivals declined to touch it. Plainfield Mayor Adrian Mapp, an exception, called Hamawy a “radical extremist.”

Hamawy in November faces Republican Gregg Mele, who has run unsuccessfully for several offices in New Jersey as a Republican and libertarian.

But Hamawy’s victory in the primary is tantamount to winning the general election. There are more than twice as many registered Democrats than Republicans in the district, where Watson Colman won reelection by 25 points in 2024, when Republicans performed more strongly in New Jersey than expected.

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New Jersey Rep. Tom Kean Jr. says he’s ‘energized’ but appears to push back timeline for return

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New Jersey Rep. Tom Kean Jr., missing from public view for nearly three months with an undisclosed illness, said in a statement Tuesday he’s “more energized than ever” — but seemed to push back a timeline for his return to the Capitol.

He continued to withhold details of his illness and did not detail when he expects to be back in Washington.

Kean, who’s seeking a third term, faces no opposition in Tuesday’s Republican primary. Four Democrats are vying to unseat him.

“I am more energized than ever to keep fighting for the people of New Jersey’s 7th District. Right now I am focused on my recovery and under the advice of healthcare professionals, I will transition from virtual work to in person work within a matter of weeks,” Kean said. “At that time I will be completely transparent as to the nature of my medical condition. Once again, I appreciate all of the prayers and patience from my constituents and colleagues. I understand the need for transparency on this matter and I look forward to sharing my experience with the public.”

The 57-year-old Republican last voted on March 5, and his absence has been a national news story, with reporters scouring New Jersey and beyond for clues as to his whereabouts. The mystery comes as Kean faces what’s expected to be an extremely competitive reelection fight in his district, which he won by 5 points in 2024 — an unusually strong year in New Jersey for Republicans.

Kean has given just one interview to the press since March. He told New Jersey Globe on May 21 that he anticipated returning to voting and the campaign trail “in the next couple weeks.” His statement Tuesday that he will return to in-person work “within a matter of weeks” appears to push that timeline back.

The prolonged absence and President Donald Trump’s unpopularity have made Democrats more confident about ousting Kean, whose family has long been prominent in Garden State politics and whose father is the most popular former governor of New Jersey in modern times. Kean was also a state lawmaker for over 20 years.

Kean has also had to tamp down speculation that was starting to circulate among Republicans that he would not seek reelection.

Trump formally endorsed Kean in a social media post Monday night, saying the congressmember was “working tirelessly.”

“Serving the people of this district is the honor of my life,” Kean said. “Every day, I wake up determined to build on the results I have delivered for New Jersey families such as lowering costs, restoring the SALT deduction, funding our law enforcement, helping veterans, standing with Israel, strengthening our economy, and making government work better for the people it serves.”

The Democrats competing to take on Kean are Rebecca Bennett, a former Navy helicopter pilot; Michael Roth, a former high-ranking Small Business Administration official; Tina Shah, a medical doctor; and Brian Varela, an entrepreneur who owns several daycare businesses.

The Democrats have treaded carefully on Kean’s absence, saying at a recent debate that they hope he recovers but they expressed frustration about his lack of communication.

“This campaign will offer a clear choice. While Washington Democrats continue pushing an agenda that is too extreme, too expensive, and out of step with New Jersey, I will continue putting our constituents first and working with anyone to get things done,” Kean said. “I am optimistic about the road ahead, and ready to earn the support of voters in every corner of this district. Together, we are going to win this race and continue delivering for New Jersey.”

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Congress

Senate postpones committee action on government funding bills

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Senate Appropriations Chair Susan Collins has postponed committee action this week on a slate of government funding bills as Democrats prepare amendments targeting the “Anti-Weaponization Fund” still roiling congressional Republicans.

The Senate Appropriations Committee was scheduled to mark up three funding measures Thursday, but the committee announced Tuesday that the meeting would be rescheduled. The postponement comes as Republicans brace for votes on Democratic proposals to block several controversial Trump administration policies.

Sen. Chris Van Hollen (D-Md.) said in an interview that he has “already drafted a bunch” of amendments to block the Justice Department from carrying out the $1.8 billion “Anti-Weaponization Fund” acting Attorney General Todd Blanche told lawmakers the administration will not pursue.

“We should just eliminate this taxpayer slush fund altogether. I understand the Trump administration says they’re OK with that now. So let’s just make sure it doesn’t rear its head again,” Van Hollen said.

Those amendments would be for the bill that funds the departments of Commerce and Justice, along with NASA, federal science programs and the FBI.

“We’ve been able to work cooperatively on some of the big areas, like NASA and some of the other agencies,” said Van Hollen, ranking member on the appropriations panel that funds those agencies. “But there are big issues regarding DOJ.”

Van Hollen said he is also considering amendments related to President Donald Trump‘s decision to forgo relocating the FBI headquarters to suburban Maryland after the site was selected in a decade-long competition. That issue derailed committee approval last year of the bill that funds the FBI.

Collins and Washington Sen. Patty Murray, the Senate’s top Democratic appropriator, have also yet to agree on bipartisan funding totals for the fiscal year that begins in October.

The committee was also set Thursday to consider bills to fund the Department of Agriculture and the FDA, as well as the operations of Congress.

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