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Trump’s immigration crackdown is expected to start on Day 1

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In his first 100 days, President-elect Donald Trump plans to begin the process of deporting hundreds of thousands of people. He is expected to end parole for people from Cuba, Haiti, Nicaragua and Venezuela. And he is likely to undo a policy that significantly constrained deportations for people who weren’t deemed threats to public safety or national security.

Trump’s team is already thinking about how to craft executive actions aimed to withstand the legal challenges from immigrants’ rights groups — all in hopes of avoiding an early defeat like the one his 2017 travel ban targeting majority-Muslim nations suffered. This time, Trump may have friendlier arbiters. These fights will be refereed by a federal judiciary that he transformed during his first term, including by appointing more than 200 federal judges himself. And at the very top — the ultimate decider of these questions — is the Supreme Court, to which he appointed three conservative justices.

But legal fights aren’t the only long-term challenge Trump’s ambitious immigration agenda will face. The logistical challenges of mass deportation are a little harder to predict. The speed at which Trump could remake deportation policy depends on surmounting tactical challenges like expanding detention capacity and cutting through a massive immigration court backlog.

Trump has already tapped South Dakota Gov. Kristi Noem, who has little experience with the Department of Homeland Security, to lead the sprawling agency. From inside the White House, Stephen Miller, widely seen as the architect of Trump’s first-term restrictionist agenda, has an expansive role over domestic policy. And Thomas Homan, a former acting director of Immigration and Customs Enforcement under Trump, is returning to be the administration’s border czar.

Through it all, Trump’s immigration team will face intense and sustained scrutiny from the president himself.

Here are some of the immigration initiatives Trump’s team is expected to roll out quickly, and the hurdles they could face:

Ramping up deportations

Trump campaigned on mass deportation — something that could affect large swaths of the 11 million people DHS estimates are in the U.S. without legal authorization.

But deporting millions of people could run into some logistical problems. According to DHS, the largest number of yearly removals came in FY 2013 during the Obama administration, when more than 430,000 people were removed from the U.S.

Trump’s advisers have indicated they would prioritize people with criminal convictions and final removal orders for deportation. In 2022, according to the pro-immigration American Immigration Council, about 1.19 million people had those orders — meaning their cases had worked their way through immigration court and judges decided they must leave. Just removing the people in that category could take years.

Finding, detaining and removing those people would be resource-intensive, said John Sandweg, acting director of ICE from 2013 to 2014. Detention capacity alone would be a costly and immediate challenge. Lawmakers need to appropriate the funding, and even if they do, the administration would need to hire, vet and train more officers — no easy feat.

ICE currently employs 7,000 officers who conduct 250,000 deportations a year, according to the agency. If Trump’s administration wanted to quadruple this number, as Trump has promised, training academies couldn’t handle a deluge of new hires.

“It is just a resource game, but it’s a hard game to play,” Sandweg said.

Regardless of the hurdles and impediments, Trump has been unequivocal.

“It’s not a question of a price tag. It’s not — really, we have no choice,” he told NBC News on Thursday. “When people have killed and murdered, when drug lords have destroyed countries, and now they’re going to go back to those countries because they’re not staying here. There is no price tag.”

Ending parole for people from Cuba, Haiti, Nicaragua and Venezuela

Another Biden administration program that’s likely to end fast: a special visa-free humanitarian parole process for some residents of Cuba, Haiti, Nicaragua and Venezuela. The Biden administration, to discourage migrants from trying to cross the border illegally, offered a way for some people from these countries to enter the country legally if they were vetted and had an American-based sponsor. As of August, nearly 530,000 Cubans, Haitians, Nicaraguans and Venezuelans had traveled to the U.S. via the program and were granted permission to live and work in the U.S. for two years.

Trump, meanwhile, campaigned on expelling many of them. Over the summer, he spread baseless claims that Haitians in Springfield, Ohio, were eating people’s pets. And he promised to revoke Haitians’ eligibility for Temporary Protected Status — another program that shields some people from countries with unsafe conditions from deportation and grants them work permits. Many Haitians can work in the U.S. legally because of TPS, a tool secretaries of Homeland Security have used since 1990.

“All that stuff is going to end very fast, almost immediately,” said Dan Stein of the Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR), a restrictionist group.

Stein’s group is closely allied with Trump’s team and became a feeder for personnel during the first Trump administration.

“They basically hired half our staff,” he said.

Mark Krikorian, of the restrictionist Center for Immigration Studies, agreed that the temporary provision of TPS work documents to people from certain countries deemed dangerous would likely be constricted dramatically.

Currently, DHS makes this program available to people from 16 countries, including El Salvador, Ukraine, Syria, Somalia and Haiti. During Trump’s first term, his administration tried to end TPS status for more than 300,000 people. But immigrants sued, arguing the move was made out of racial animus. They secured a nationwide injunction that lasted through the Trump administration.

Rolling back the Mayorkas memo

Early in the Biden administration, Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas issued a memo laying out priorities for which immigrants to deport. It emphasized people who threaten national security and public safety, and it directed ICE officers to learn “the totality of the facts and circumstances” about criminal convictions before deciding whether to deport someone — rather than solely using a conviction as a basis for deportation.

Immigration restrictionists expect that guidance will be one of the first things to go.

“That stuff’s going to end obviously, right away,” said Krikorian, whose work was frequently cited by the first Trump administration.

Another person close to Trump’s transition, granted anonymity to discuss sensitive plans, said Mayorkas’ memo could be revoked as soon as Day One, possibly as part of a broader package of executive actions intended to reduce “bureaucratic” hurdles that impede deportations.

Deactivating the CBP One app

The Biden administration rolled out a mobile phone application called CBP One that migrants could use to set up appointments to seek asylum. While Democrats hoped it would create more order around the border, Republicans said the initiative was a way to rush in people who shouldn’t be allowed to enter the United States. Amnesty International, meanwhile, said it violates international law by restraining where and how people could seek asylum. Either way, under Trump, according to the person close to the transition, it’s likely toast.

In the first 100 days, Trump’s immigration team will likely assess which countries they deem most problematic and decide whether to threaten sanctions.

Ramping up immigration diplomacy

Another tool the Trump administration may use quickly is threats to countries that resist repatriating unwanted migrants.

One challenge for rapid deportations is that the home countries of many migrants — particularly those convicted of violent crimes — don’t always want to take them back. So those people sometimes stay in jails or immigration detention centers in the U.S. indefinitely. To pressure those countries, the U.S. government can threaten to restrict visas for certain categories of applicants.

The Trump and Obama administrations both deployed this option because of this recalcitrance. But the Biden administration has not. In the first 100 days, Trump’s immigration team will likely assess which countries they deem most problematic and decide whether to threaten sanctions.

“I think you’re going to see a significant increase and you’re going to see it early,” Krikorian said. “I’m pretty certain it would be in the first hundred days — there’s no reason you’d wait three months to do something.”

The moves would require cooperation from the State Department, which issues visas. So Trump’s immigration-focused advisers will likely ensure that candidates for top roles at State are simpatico with the administration’s immigration policy — and Sen. Marco Rubio is widely expected to be Trump’s pick for secretary of State.

“That’s going to be a condition for their appointment,” said Jessica Vaughan, also of the Center for Immigration Studies. “They’re not going to appoint someone and want to be surprised later on — ‘I don’t know, we’re not going to play our role.’ It’s in the job description.”

Trump has also said he would restore his Remain in Mexico policy — officially called Migrant Protection Protocols — that required some asylum-seekers to stay south of the U.S.-Mexican border while they await immigration court hearings. But this will require the Trump administration to reach a deal with Mexico to restart the program.

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5 things you need to know about Pam Bondi

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One of Donald Trump’s most loyal supporters just got picked for one of the most important roles in his second administration.

Pam Bondi, the former attorney general of Florida, was chosen Thursday to be the nation’s top law enforcement official by Trump just hours after Matt Gaetz withdrew from consideration in the face of Senate opposition.

Bondi is a partner at Ballard Partners, the lobbying firm that had been run by Trump’s incoming chief of staff Susie Wiles and whose founder, Brian Ballard, is a top Trump fundraiser. She is co-chair of the law and justice division at the pro-Trump America First Policy Institute, which has been likened to a Trump administration in waiting.

Bondi is a longtime Trump ally and after he was elected in 2016, her name was floated for various jobs in the administration but it never panned out.

She appears more likely to have an easier path to confirmation as attorney general than Gaetz, who was dogged by allegations of sexual misconduct and illegal drug use.

Here are five things to know about Bondi:

She was the first female attorney general in Florida

Bondi served as Florida’s attorney general from 2011-2019, the first woman to hold the office. She initiated the state’s litigation against opioid manufacturers. It was settled after she left office.

She left office because of term limits and worked for Trump’s transition team after his first victory.

She has a close relationship with Lara Trump

Bondi has a close relationship with Lara Trump, the president-elect’s daughter-in-law and chair of the Republican National Committee. The two campaigned together against a ban on dog racing in the state.

On Tuesday, Bondi advocated for Lara Trump to be the replacement for Sen. Marco Rubio, Trump’s pick for secretary of State.

She’s a former Trump lawyer

Bondi assisted Trump in his first impeachment fight as a senior adviser and lawyer, making the rounds on TV to help his case. Trump was impeached on charges of abusing his power and obstructing congressional investigations but the Senate acquitted him of the charges.

She nixed the Trump University fraud case

In 2016, news emerged that Trump paid a $2,500 fine because his foundation improperly donated $25,000 to Bondi’s political election committee in 2013 before her office opted not to pursue a fraud investigation into Trump University. Trump eventually paid $25 million to settle fraud complaints against the now-defunct university.

Bondi said she was unaware of Trump University complaints at the time and that the contribution had nothing to do with her office’s decision not to pursue the case. Trump has said he admired Bondi for never backing away from him amid the controversy.

Her dog custody battle played out publicly

Bondi was involved in a custody battle with Hurricane Katrina victims over a St. Bernard she adopted in 2005 after the dog was separated from his family during the storm.

The family had been trying to find the dog and Bondi refused to return him. She accused the family of neglect the animal, an allegation they denied.

The family sued, and the dispute lasted 16 months until the two sides settled before trial. Bondi returned the dog to the family with food and medication.

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Trump once shunned Project 2025 as ‘ridiculous.’ Now he’s staffing up with them.

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Donald Trump spent his presidential campaign running from Project 2025. Now, he’s using it to stock his White House and administration.

In recent days, Trump has tapped nearly a half-dozen Project 2025 authors and contributors, including Brendan Carr, who Trump picked this week to lead the FCC; former Rep. Pete Hoekstra, who got the nod for ambassador to Canada; and John Ratcliffe, who was tapped for director of the CIA. One of Trump’s first selections — Tom Homan as “border czar” — was also a Project 2025 contributor.

The next Project 2025 alum to join the administration could be Russ Vought, the president-elect’s former director of the Office of Management and Budget, who is being closely considered for a return to the role, POLITICO reported this week. That’s despite Trump once calling the group’s work product “absolutely ridiculous and abysmal,” and the leader of his transition team, Howard Lutnick, saying the group had made itself “nuclear.”

Not anymore.

“I don’t think the Trump administration sees Project 2025 as toxic,” said Michael Cannon, director of health policy at the CATO Institute, who advised The Heritage Foundation project but declined to be listed as one of its authors. “So, it should not surprise us when some of the people who contributed to that effort get picked up by the administration.”

Now Project 2025 alums are slated to have key roles in his administration — particularly on the economy, immigration and dismantling the administrative state.

And with the most recent round of controversial Cabinet nominees, Cannon quipped, the Trump transition is “doing their level best to make Project 2025 look reasonable.”

Still, there are limits. Roger Severino, an anti-abortion stalwart who held a prominent role at HHS during the first Trump administration and was the lead author of Project 2025’s health care chapter, was rejected by Trump’s transition team to fill the No. 2 job at the agency over his participation in the project. Anti-abortion groups had lobbied hard for his nomination, but Trump’s team is trying to distance itself from the strict federal curbs on abortion Severino called for in Project 2025, after running on promises to leave the issue to the states.

In some cases — like Vought — it’s unclear whether the influence of Project 2025 alumni ever truly ceased, even when Trump repeatedly disavowed the project on the campaign trail. Despite those pronouncements, Vought has played a key role behind the scenes, informally advising the Trump campaign on trade and economic policy alongside Trump loyalists like Vince Haley, the campaign’s policy lead, and Robert Lighthizer, Trump’s former trade chief.

Vought wrote a section of the Heritage report on paring back federal spending and regulations, as well as Project 2025’s 180-day transition paybook. In an appearance on Tucker Carlson’s show on X, he said he would pursue a “massive deregulatory agenda” alongside Elon Musk and Vivek Ramaswamy and be “as radical or aggressive as you can” in reducing full-time federal employees and contractors.

Officials at The Heritage Foundation, amid a rocky summer where some prominent Republicans were criticizing the group — namely, top operatives on the Trump campaign, like senior adviser Chris LaCivita — were already anticipating that their standing would vastly improve after the election. Throughout much of 2024, the think tank took the position of “we’re going to slide down a little bit and be quiet,” said a Heritage official granted anonymity to speak freely.

But by October, the official said, there were already signs that there “was less cautiousness about Project 2025 and Heritage,” giving way to quick nominations of Heritage fellows and Project 2025 contributors to Trump’s new administration.

At a book release party last week for Heritage President Kevin Roberts — whose September publication date was pushed back until after the election, amid concerns about the Project 2025 brand — Rep. Ralph Norman (R-S.C.) was among several members of Congress there to lend support for the organization.

“I told Kevin, I think it helps,” Norman told Blue Light News of all the backlash and hand wringing over Heritage and Project 2025 in recent months, arguing that the publicity would ultimately serve to be helpful to the organization implementing its agenda.

That’s certainly not how Trump’s team saw things for months, though.

Democrats proved successful in raising awareness of the group’s plans, an effort that began in February and picked up traction by early summer. Voters began bringing up Project 2025 organically in focus groups conducted for President Joe Biden’s reelection campaign. Google searches started picking up, peaking in July.

That was around the time where Trump himself issued a statement on Truth Social, writing that “some of the things they’re saying are absolutely ridiculous and abysmal,” and claiming he had “no idea who is behind it.”

Sensing a threat, MAGA Inc., the main super PAC supporting Trump, launchedits own Project 2025 website this summer, calling it a “hoax” and trying to capture concerned voters’ search traffic.

But those close to Project 2025 stress that Trump isn’t likely to adopt its recommendations wholesale.

“It was never accurate to say that Project 2025 was the Trump agenda,” Cannon said. “But he’s certainly friendly to parts of Project 2025 — particularly the most concerning, repressive parts, like immigration restrictions.”

The trade chapter of the report, for instance, included separate arguments for free trade and protectionist policies, reflecting a deep divide within Trump world over tariffs.

“Remember, you had Heritage giving 30 pages to a defense of free trade,” Cannon added. “So, there are also things in there that Trump doesn’t like and would never do.”

For Democrats, the spate of hires come as a deflating — if not unexpected — development in the transition. During the presidential campaign, Democrats went all in on linking Trump to the controversial blueprint, a controversial, hard-line conservative agenda. President Joe Biden’s rapid response team decided in February to start hammering the issue, according to a person with direct knowledge of the strategy, eventually seeing the effort take off ahead of Biden’s collapse in the June debate. Kamala Harris, after replacing Biden atop the Democratic ticket, spent at least $5 million tying Trump to Project 2025, according to AdImpact.

In response, Trump distanced himself from the project — only now to turn to some of its authors for roles in his administration.

“It’s the least surprising revelation that we’ve seen in this administration,” said Michigan state Sen. Mallory McMorrow, the possible Democratic National Committee chair candidate who hoisted an oversized prop version of the 900-page policy plan at the Democratic National Convention and railed against it during prime time. “You can’t look at something that had 140 members of the previous Trump administration who had a hand in writing this, and believe for a second that he had no idea what this was. So, yeah, it’s, ‘I hate to say I told you so, but I told you so.’”

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TSA administrator makes bid to stay on under Trump

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Transportation Security Administration chief David Pekoske is signaling that he’d like to stay on in his current role as President-elect Donald Trump begins his second term. During a segment about Thanksgiving travel with CBS on Tuesday, Pekoske was clear that he’s hoping to stay until his term ends in 2027…
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